Immunocytochemistry is based on the
principles of immunology, using antibodies binding with specific antigens and
antigen location determining technology. Antigen is macromolecular or
combination of small molecules and macromolecules. Antibody is the γ-globulin that is the specific
antigen secretion released by plasma cells. If the antibody binds on the marker
and reacts with the antigen in the tissue, the site of the antigen present in
the tissue can be displayed in the light microscope or an electron microscope.
The commonly used markers are fluoresceins and enzymes. Immunofluorescent
technique is the fluorescein-labeled fluorescent. The most used fluorescein are
fluorescein isothiocyanate and rhodamine. Enzyme-labeled antibody method is the
enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay. The commonly used enzymes are horseradish
peroxidase and the opaque deposits which is formed after the reaction of enzyme
and substrate, thus showing the presence of an antigen of site. The antibodies
and antigen-binding method can be divided into the direct method and the
indirect method, the direct method is the reaction of
the labeled antibody and an antigen, which shows the portion of the antigen. The
indirect rule is on the basis of the primary reaction of the antibody-antigen
and then have a reaction of the labeled secondary antibody and the primary
antibody. So that the primary reaction can be magnified and shows the
enhancements. This is the summary of the Immunocytochemistry, which can tell
the starters the basic knowledge of the biological medication. And if you want
to know more about it, you can buy some how-to books. Giving great efforts, you
will be the professor of this area.
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